An open field guide to synthetic research

The evidence behind synthetic research.

Explore the tools. Inspect the studies. Understand what has been demonstrated—and what still needs testing.

Founded and funded by Minds. See funding, conflicts, and review governance

Registry records
29source mapped
Research papers
7editorially reviewed
Independent sources
1unique sources in tool records
Independent reproductions
0none established
Human-reference validations
0none established

01 / Explore the field

Different tools. Different research jobs.

Browse all 29 records

Find your place in the landscape.

Open the field map
SYNSynthetic research workflows
11
PERSynthetic respondents & personas
11
POPPopulation & behavioural simulation
5
HUMHuman-participant research systems
1
EVALEvaluation infrastructure
1

First three records, alphabetically. Inclusion is not endorsement.

Latest record observation /

02 / Ask better questions

Three measurements before any ranking.

Synthetic research is moving faster than its evidence. Start with the question a tool needs to answer, then inspect the support for that claim.

Use the evaluation guide
F

Fidelity

Does the system reproduce a defensible human reference distribution or qualitative pattern?

R

Reliability

Do repeated runs remain stable enough for the decision the research is meant to support?

T

Traceability

Can a reviewer inspect sources, assumptions, model configuration, and known limitations?

03 / Follow the evidence

Read the result.
Keep the boundary.

All 7 research papers

Selected from the editorial research feed. These studies evaluate specific models and tasks; they do not validate every listed tool.

Peer reviewed2024

Synthetic Replacements for Human Survey Data? The Perils of Large Language Models

Synthetic averages sometimes looked close, but response variance, regression estimates, prompt sensitivity, and results over time did not reliably reproduce the human survey.

Scope & limitations

One closed model family, US political attitudes, and a defined collection period; it does not establish failure for every architecture or research task.

Bisbee, Clinton, Dorff, Kenkel & Larson · Political Analysis 32(4)

Peer reviewed2023

Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samples

Conditioning GPT-3 on real respondent backstories produced subgroup response patterns the authors describe as algorithmic fidelity.

Scope & limitations

Evidence is tied to the studied model, US samples, prompts, and outcomes. Distributional resemblance does not imply individual prediction or causal validity.

Argyle, Busby, Fulda, Gubler, Rytting & Wingate · Political Analysis 31(3)

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04 / The next test

CANDIDATE PROTOCOL · NO SCORED RESULTS

A demonstration is a starting point. Validation takes a reference.

The proposed benchmark compares system outputs with held-out human data, repeated runs, and decision-specific error tolerances. The protocol is not yet preregistered.

Inspect the benchmark protocol

A testable claim needs all three

  1. 01

    System output

    Defined task, population, and configuration

  2. 02

    Human reference

    Held-out data with documented provenance

  3. 03

    Repeatable comparison

    Published tolerances, variance, and limitations

Protocol design, not benchmark results.

Keep the record useful

Bring a source.
Improve the index.

Submit a tool, study, or correction. Inclusion is free, claims require sources, and vendors receive correction rights—not editorial control.

Submit evidence